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Literacy & Numeracy Skills
Is this devolved to Wales?

Devolved
The necessary powers are not reserved to the UK Parliament in Schedule 7A of the Government of Wales Act 2006.

Shared Powers
Insert a specific explanation of the powers situation for this issue here.

Not Devolved
The powers over this are reserved to the UK Parliament in Schedule 7A of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (Specific Section/Number/Clause).
There are long-standing concerns about declining literacy (reading and writing) and numeracy standards in Welsh schools.
This is mostly, but not entirely, related to Welsh scores in the OECD’s PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests, which compare standards amongst the world’s developed economies. Wales’ results are mid-table at best, and previous (Welsh) governments have tried to improve them with little success.
Results of the 2025 PISA test showed a further decline in Welsh scores for reading and maths, with a slight improvement in scores for science1.
Raising literacy and numeracy standards was a manifesto commitment by Plaid Cymru ahead of the 2026 Senedd election.
There’s no single answer.
Several things have been blamed, anecdotally. These include:
- Over-reliance on technology (i.e. using calculators and phones to avoid doing everyday maths).
- Issues with classroom discipline.
- Changes to how children are taught (i.e. synthetic phonics, introduction of the Curriculum for Wales which gives schools more freedom to develop their own lesson plans).
- The decline of subjects that add depth and practical use of literacy and numeracy skills, such as English literature, foreign languages and humanities.
- Excessive “screen time” and the use of mobile phones in schools.
- Parents not able or confident enough to help children with reading, writing and maths.
- The impact of poverty, with children in receipt of free school meals generally performing worse than other students. However, equivalent students in England out-perform those from Wales.
- Lack of access to books and/or low levels of reading for enjoyment amongst some children2.
There’s more information below.
Key Stage 4 (Year 11/GCSE) interim measures by FSM, gender, and local authority. Literacy points score.Â
(custom table)
Key Stage 4 (Year 11/GCSE) interim measures by FSM, gender, and local authority. Numeracy points score.Â
(custom table)
Costs & Economic Impact
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Explanation
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Who has raised this at the Senedd?
What are the party positions on this?
- Supports higher standards
- Opposed
- Neutral/No Opinion
Plaid Cymru backbenchers support the government’s push for improved national standards, with particular concerns over reading in schools and additional learning needs.
- Supports higher standards
- Opposed
- Neutral/No Opinion
Reform UK call for a change to current policies, suggesting the existing curriculum is inappropriate.
- Supports existing measures
- Opposed
- Neutral/No Opinion
Labour MSs have expressed support for measures put in place by the previous Welsh Government, but want full consultation with teachers’ unions before any new targets are introduced.
- Supports higher standards
- Opposed
- Neutral/No Opinion
The Conservatives are particularly concerned about the decline in Wales’ PISA scores compared to the rest of the UK, and want the Welsh Government to set clear targets for improvement.
- Supports
- Opposed
- Neutral/No Opinion
Green MSs haven’t said anything specifically on this yet.
- Supports
- Opposed
- Neutral/No Opinion
Jane Dodds hasn’t said anything on this specifically.
What have ministers said?
What's being done about this?
Plaid Cymru had several manifesto commitments relating to this. These include pledges to embed literacy in every subject, ensure every primary school has a library by 2030, support systematic synthetic phonics to teach reading, and new national literacy & numeracy targets2.
Reacting to the disappointing PISA 2025 results, the Minister said that there would be no “knee-jerk response” and said that raising standards would be “a team effort”.
A literacy and numeracy plan – which addresses many of the above – was published on 15th September 2026. The key proposals are:
- Setting clearer guidance and expectations on the use of systematic synthetic phonics to teach reading.
- Plaid Cymru’s manifesto committment to ensure all primary schools have a library by 2030.
- Better monitoring of a child’s literacy and numeracy skills when they start school.
- New personalised assessments for reading and numeracy at Year 6.
- New national indicators/measures (pdf) for literacy and numeracy skills to track national standards. There’s a particular focus on tracking standards in Year 6 (before moving to secondary school) and Year 11 (GCSE).
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No.
There’s a commitment to see a marked improvement in literacy and numeracy standards before the end of the current Senedd term (April 2030).
The results of the 2025 PISA assessments are due to be published before the end of 2026, with another round of PISA assessments due in 2028.
What have the Senedd's Committees said?
Nothing has been discussed yet.
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Relevant Votes
Nothing to see yet.
Further Reading
- Welsh Government (8th September 2026). Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) national report: 2025
- Nation.Cymru (11th July 2026). “Wales to track literacy standards nationally“




